נוויס – הבדלי גרסאות

תוכן שנמחק תוכן שנוסף
←‏המאה ה-19 והמאה ה-20: תיקון שגיאת כתיב
תגיות: עריכה ממכשיר נייד עריכה דרך האתר הנייד
מ תיקון שגיאות ניקיון לפי שגיאות ניקיון: אפשרויות קובץ שגויות (דיון)
שורה 3:
[[קובץ:Nevis Aerial.jpg|שמאל|ממוזער|250px|תצלום אווירי של החוף המזרחי של האי.]]
[[קובץ:Nevis Charlestown.jpg|שמאל|ממוזער|250px| הרחוב הראשי של [[צ'ארלסטאון (נוויס)|צ'ארלסטאון]].]]
[[קובץ:Nevis 2008.jpg||שמאל|ממוזער|250px|החוף המערבי של נוויס.]]
[[קובץ:LocationSaintKittsAndNevis.png|שמאל|ממוזער|250px|מיקום האי נוויס]]
[[קובץ:Flag of Nevis.svg||שמאל|ממוזער|135px|[[דגל נוויס]]]]
'''נוויס''' או '''ניוויס''' (ב[[אנגלית]]: '''Nevis''') היא [[אי]] ב[[הים הקריבי|ים הקריבי]] בקצה הצפוני של [[האנטילים הקטנים]], כ-350 ק"מ דרומית מזרחית ל[[פוארטו ריקו]] וכ-80 ק"מ מערבית ל[[אנטיגואה]]. שטחו של האי 93 קמ"ר והוא, יחד עם האי [[סנט קיטס]], המרוחק ממנו 3.22 ק"מ, מהווה חלק מהפדרציה של [[סנט קיטס ונוויס]]. בירת האי היא העיר [[צ'ארלסטאון (נוויס)|צ'ארלסטאון]].
 
שורה 29:
בעקבות הסכם מדריד ויישוב המחלוקת עם ספרד, הוקם באי בית דין של הימיה, ובין השנים [[1675]] - [[1730]] שימש האי כמרכז סחר העבדים הבריטי. בין 6,000 - 7,000 עבדים עברו דרך האי מדי שנה בדרכם לעבדות.
<!--
[[קובץ:Nevis FrenchSlavetrade.jpg|ממוזער|rightימין|Illustration of French [[slave trade]] in the 1876 book ''The 18th Century: Its Institutions, Customs, and Costumes: France, 1700-1789''.]] Due to the profitable [[Triangular trade]] and the high quality of Nevisian [[sugar cane]], the island soon became a dominant source of wealth for [[Great Britain]] and the slave-owning British plantocracy. When the [[Leeward Islands]] were separated from [[Barbados]] in 1671, Nevis became the seat of the [[Leeward Islands colony]] and was given the nickname "Queen of the Caribees". It remained colonial capital for the Leeward Islands until the seat was transferred to [[Antigua]] for military reasons in 1698. During this period, Nevis was the richest of the British Leeward Islands.{{הערה|שם=Hubbard}} The island outranked even larger islands like [[Jamaica]] in sugar production in the late 17th century. The wealth of the planters on the island is evident in the tax records preserved at the [[Calendar State Papers]] in the British [[Colonial Office]] Public Records, where the amount of tax collected on the Leeward Islands was recorded. The sums recorded for 1676 as "head tax on slaves", a tax payable in sugar, amounted to 384,600 pounds in Nevis, as opposed to 67,000 each in Antigua and Saint Kitts, 62,500 in [[Montserrat]], and 5,500 total in the other five islands.{{הערה|1= ''Calendar State Papers'' (1676). Number 1152, 1676. The British Colonial Office Public Records. Qtd. in Hubbard, p. 85.}} The profits on sugar cultivation in Nevis was enhanced by the fact that the [[sugar cane|cane juice]] from Nevis yielded an unusually high amount of sugar. A gallon (3.79 litres) of cane juice from Nevis yielded 24 ounces (0.71 litres) of sugar, whereas a gallon from Saint Kitts yielded 16 ounces (0.47 litres).{{הערה|שם=Hubbard}} Twenty percent of the [[British Empire]]’s total sugar production in 1700 was derived from Nevisian plantations.{{הערה|1=Watts, David (1987). ''The West Indies: Patterns of Development, Culture and Environmental Change Since 1492''. Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 285.}} Exports from West Indian colonies like Nevis were worth more than all the exports from all the mainland [[Thirteen colonies]] of North America combined at the time of the [[American Revolution]].{{הערה|שם=Hubbard}}
 
The enslaved families formed the large labour force and were forced to perform the monotonous and dangerous work of the sugar plantations. After the 1650s the supply of white indentured servants began to dry up due to increased wages in England and less incentive to migrate to the colonies. Additionally, the plantation owners considered lifelong enslavement a better long-term investment for their owners than [[indentured servant]]s who could leave after four to seven years. They also considered it easier to control persons in a workforce that had been removed from their homelands and separated from their kin by brute force and who were easily discerned by their skin colour should they try to escape. By the end of the 17th century, the population of Nevis consisted of a small, rich planter elite in control, a marginal population of poor whites, a great majority of enslaved families of African descent, and an unknown number of [[Maroon (people)|maroons]], people who had freed themselves from the exploitation at the plantations and escaped into the mountains. In 1780, 90 percent of the 10,000 people living on Nevis were black.{{הערה|שם=Hubbard}} Some of the maroons joined with the few remaining Caribs in Nevis to form an ever present resistance force in the mountainous regions of the island. Memories of the Nevisian maroons' struggle against the injustices suffered by the Afro-Caribbean population under the plantation system are preserved in place names such as Maroon Hill, an early centre of resistance.