נישואים בכפייה – הבדלי גרסאות

שחרור נשים במאות ה-19 וה-20 שינה את חוקי הנישואים באופן דרמטי, במיוחד לגבי בעלות על רכוש ומעמד כלכלי. עד אמצע המאה ה-20, הרבה מדינות בעולם המערבי חוקקו חוקים הקובעים שוויון משפטי בין בני הזוג ב[[דיני משפחה]].{{הערה|{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/201237/family/232344/Family-law#ref794409|title=family - kinship :: Family law|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}}} בשנות ה-1970, היו שינויים גדולים בדיני המשפחה במדינות כגון [[איטליה]],{{הערה|http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2014/493052/IPOL-FEMM_NT%282014%29493052_EN.pdf}}{{הערה|http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-16-Add2_en.pdf}}

[[ספרד]],{{הערה|{{citation|title=Spain: A Country Study|url=http://countrystudies.us/spain/43.htm|year=1988|chapter=Social Values and Attitudes|location=Washington|publisher=Government Printing Office for the Library of Congress|editor-last=Solsten|editor2-last=Meditz|editor-first=Eric|editor2-first=Sandra W.}}}} [[אוסטריה]]{{הערה|שם=Contemporary Western European Feminism pp. 133|''Contemporary Western European Feminism'', by Gisela Kaplan, pp. 133}} מערב [[גרמניה המערבית]],{{הערה|Reconciliation Policy in Germany 1998–2008, Construing the ’Problem’ of the Incompatibility of Paid Employment and Care Work, by Cornelius Grebe; pg 92: ''"However, the 1977 reform of marriage and family law by Social Democrats and Liberals formally gave women the right to take up employment without their spouses' permission. This marked the legal end of the 'housewife marriage' and a transition to the ideal of 'marriage in partnership'."''[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-531-91924-9]}}{{הערה|Further reforms to parental rights law in 1979 gave equal legal rights to the mother and the father. ''Comparative Law: Historical Development of the Civil Law Tradition in Europe'', Latin America, and East Asia, by John Henry Merryman, David Scott Clark, John Owen Haley, pp. 542}} ופורטוגלו[[פורטוגל]].{{הערה|''Women in Portugal'', by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Information, pp 32}} ב-1978, [[מועצת אירופה]] העבירה את החלטת <span>(78) 37 על שוויון של בני זוג במשפט האזרחי</span>.{{הערה|{{קישור כללי|כתובת=https://dispatch.coe.int/?home=wcd.coe.int&command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=596422&SecMode=1&DocId=662346&Usage=2|כותרת=Document not found - Council of Europe|תאריך_וידוא=2019-04-27|אתר=dispatch.coe.int}}}} בין המדינות האחרונות באירופה שהסדירו שוויון מלא בנישואים היו [[שווייץ]],{{הערה|In 1985, a referendum guaranteed women legal equality with men within marriage.[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17988450][http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/chronology-womens-right-vote-switzerland.html] The new reforms came into force in January 1988.''Women's movements of the world: an international directory and reference guide, edited by Sally Shreir'', p. 254}} [[יוון]],{{הערה|In 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing dowry, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/26/world/around-the-world-greece-approves-family-law-changes.html#]''Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) “The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. 11 August''.}} [[ספרד]]{{הערה|In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands’ permission to initiate judicial proceedings {{cite web|url=http://wbl.worldbank.org/~/media/FPDKM/WBL/Documents/Reports/2014/Women-Business-and-the-Law-2014-Key-Findings.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824032832/http://wbl.worldbank.org/~/media/FPDKM/WBL/Documents/Reports/2014/Women-Business-and-the-Law-2014-Key-Findings.pdf|archivedate=24 August 2014|deadurl=yes|df=}}}} [[הולנד]],{{הערה|''The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets: Second Edition'', by Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, pp. 105, [https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168045ae0e][http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/Gender/publication/Netherlands_2015_Review_BPFA_Report_of_the_Netherlands_Government.pdf]}} וצרפתו[[צרפת]]{{הערה|Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965,{{cite web|url=http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/explore/cmcf-vsi-women-in-france.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092212/http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/explore/cmcf-vsi-women-in-france.pdf|archivedate=4 March 2016|deadurl=yes|df=}} and the paternal authority of a man over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children), it was only in 1985 that a legal reform abolished the stipulation that the husband had the sole power to administer the children's property. [http://ceflonline.net/wp-content/uploads/France-Parental-Responsibilities.pdf]}} ב-1980.