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==היסטוריה==
[[תמונה:tate.britain.arp.750pix.jpg|ממוזער|שמאל|250px|גלריית טייט המקורית. כיום [[מוזיאון טייט בריטניה]].]]
[[תמונה:Albert Docks Liverpool.jpg|ממוזער|שמאל|250px|[[מוזיאון טייט ליוורפול]] נפתח בשנת 1988.]]
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[[תמונה:St Ives, Cornwall, Porthmeor Beach.jpg|ממוזער|250px|שמאל|[[מוזיאון טייט סנט אייווס]], נפתח בשנת [[1993]].]]
The original Tate [[art gallery]] was called the National Gallery of British Art, and was situated on [[Millbank]], [[Pimlico]], [[London]] on the site of the former [[Millbank Prison]]. The idea of a National Gallery of British Art was first proposed in the 1820s by Sir John Leicester, Baron de Tabley. It took a step nearer when Robert Vernon gave his collection to the [[National Gallery, London|National Gallery]] in 1847. A decade later John Sheepshanks gave his collection to the [[South Kensington Museum]] (later the [[Victoria & Albert Museum]]), known for years as the National Gallery of Art (the same title as the Tate Gallery had). Forty years later [[Henry Tate]] who was a sugar magnate and a major collector of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] art, offered to fund the building of the gallery to house British Art on the condition that the State pay for the site and revenue costs. Henry Tate also gifted the gallery his own collection. It was initially a collection solely of modern British art, concentrating on the works of modern—that is [[Victorian era]]—painters. It was controlled by the National Gallery until 1954.
[[תמונה:Tate modern london 2001 02.jpg|ממוזער|שמאל|250px|[[מוזיאון טייט מודרן]] נפתח בשנת [[2000]].]]
הרעיון להקמת גלריה לאומית לאמנות הוצע לראשונה בממלכה המאוחדת ב[[שנות ה-20 של המאה ה-19]] על יד סר ג'ון לסטר, ברון דה טאבליי. בשנת [[1847]] תרם רוברט ורנון את אוספיו ל[[הגלרייה הלאומית (הממלכה המאוחדת)|גלריית הלאומית]] ומספר שנים לאחר מכן ג'ון שפסהאנקס תרם את אוספיו למוזיאון דרום קנזינגטון (לימים, [[מוזיאון ויקטוריה ואלברט]]). רק בשלהי המאה ה-19 הושג המימון להקמת גלרייה לאמנות בריטית - במימונו של [[הנרי טייט]]. הגלרייה הוקמה ב[[מילבנק]], ב[[פימליקו]] שב[[רובעי לונדון|רובע]] [[וסטמינסטר]], על גדת נהר ה[[תמזה]]. טייט אף תרם לגלרייה את אוספיו הנרחבים, בתנאי שאוצר המדינה ישלם את עלוייות רכישת האתר. הגלרייה נוסדה בשנת [[1897]] בשם "הגלרייה הלאומית לאמנות בריטית" ('''National Gallery of British Art'''), ועד שנת [[1954]] נוהל המוזיאון והאוסף על ידי הגלרייה הלאומית.
בשנת [[1915]] תרם [[יו ליין]] את אוספיו שכללו אמנות מודרנית אירופאית למוזיאון, ובשנים [[1926]] ו-[[1937]] אספן האמנות [[ג'וסף דוין]] מימן את הרחבת מבנה המוזיאון.
מאז שנת [[1954]] ובמשך שלהי [[שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-20|שנות ה-50]] ו[[שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20|שנות ה-60]] ניהלה מחלקת האמנות החזותית של [[מועצת האמנות של בריטניה הגדולה]] את המוזיאון, ואירגנה את התערוכות בו, כגון התערוכה ה[[רטרוספקטיבה|רטרוספקטיבית]] של [[מרסל דושם]] בשנת [[1966]].
The gallery was founded in 1897 as the '''National Gallery of British Art'''. When its role was changed to include [[Modern Art]] it was renamed the '''Tate Gallery''' after [[Henry Tate]], who had laid the foundations for the collection. The Tate Gallery was housed in a building at [[Millbank]], [[London]]. In 2000, the Tate Gallery split its collection into four museums: [[Tate Britain]] (housed in the original building) displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day; [[Tate Modern]] which is also in London, houses the Tate's collection of British and International Modern and Contemporary Art from 1900 to the present day. [[Tate Liverpool]], in [[Liverpool]] has the same purpose as [[Tate Modern]] but on a smaller scale, and [[Tate St Ives]] displays Modern and Contemporary Art by artists who have connections with the area. All four museums share the Tate Collection. One of the Tate's most publicised art events is the annual [[Turner Prize]], which takes place at [[Tate Britain]].
בשנת [[1987]] הוקם אגף קלור על מנת להציג את תרומת טרנר למוזיאון, וכן הוקם אודיטוריום בין 200 מושבים.
In 1915, [[Hugh Lane]] bequeathed his collection of European Modern Art to Dublin, but controversially this went to the Tate, which expanded its collection to include foreign art and continued to acquire contemporary art. In 1926 and 1937 the art dealer and patron [[Joseph Duveen]] paid for two major expansions of the gallery building. His father had earlier paid for an extension to house the major part of the Turner Bequest, which in 1987 was transferred to a wing paid for by [[Charles Clore|Sir Charles Clore]]. Henry Courtauld also endowed Tate with a purchase fund. By the mid 20th century it was fulfilling a dual function of showing the history of British art as well as international Modern art. In 1954 the Tate Gallery was finally separated from the National Gallery.
בשנת [[1988]] נפתח סניף [[מוזיאון טייט ליוורפול|טייט ליוורפול]] של הגלרייה בעיר [[ליוורפול]]. בסניף הוצגו תערוכות זמניות ומוצגים מתחלפים שהובאו מהגלרייה בלונדון.
[[Image:Albert Docks Liverpool.jpg|thumb|Tate Liverpool opened in 1988]]
During the 1950s and 1960s, the visual arts department of the [[Arts Council of Great Britain]] funded and organised temporary exhibitions at the Tate Gallery including in 1966 a retrospective of [[Marcel Duchamp]]. Later the Tate began organising its own temporary exhibition programme. In 1979 with funding from a Japanese bank a large modern extension was opened that would also house larger income generating exhibitions. In 1987 the Clore Wing opened to house the major part of the Turner bequest and also provided a 200 seat auditorium. (The 'Centenary Development' in 2001 provided improved access and public amenities.)
בשנת [[1993]] הוקם [[מוזיאון טייט סנט אייווס|סניף סנט אייווס]] של המוזיאון, המציג אמנות בריטית מודרנית ובעיקר אמנות של [[אסכולת סנט אייווס]].
[[Image:St Ives, Cornwall, Porthmeor Beach.jpg|thumb|left|Tate St Ives (on right), opened 1993, overlooks Porthmeor Beach]]
In 1988 an outpost in the North West England opened as [[Tate Liverpool]]. This shows various works from the London Tates as well as mounting its own temporary displays. In 2007 Tate Liverpool hosted the [[Turner Prize]], the first time this has been held outside London. This is an overture to Liverpool's being the [[European Capital of Culture]] 2008.
בשנת [[2000]] חולק אוסף המוזיאון בין ארבעה מוזיאונים: [[מוזיאון טייט בריטניה]] הממוקם במבנה המקורי של הגלריה - מציג אמנות בריטית משנת 1500 ועד ימינו; [[מוזיאון טייט מודרן]] - מציג אמנות בריטית ואמנות בינלאומית מודרנית שנוצרה משנת [[1900]] ואילך; [[מוזיאון טייט ליוורפול]] - מציג אמנות מודרנית משנת 1900 ואילך; [[מוזיאון סנט אייווס]] - מציג אמנות מודנרית בדגש על אמנות מקומית; כמו כן מנהל המוזיאון את [[מוזיאון ברבר הפסוורת']] שנפתח בשנת [[1980]].
In 1993 another offshoot opened, [[Tate St Ives]]. It exhibits work by modern British artists, particularly those of the [[St Ives School]]. Additionally the Tate also manages the [[Barbara Hepworth Museum|Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden]] which opened in 1980.
בשנת פעולתו הראשונה ביקרו במוזיאון טייט מודרן שבאיזור [[בנקסייד]] (בגדה הדרומית של נהר התמזה) למעלה מ-5.25 מיליון מבקרים.
[[Image:Tate modern london 2001 02.jpg|thumb|Tate Modern opened in 2000]]
Neither of these two new Tates had a significant effect on the functioning of the original London Tate Gallery, whose size was increasingly proving a constraint as the collection grew. It was a logical step to separate the "British" and "Modern" aspects of the collection, and they are now housed in separate buildings in London. The original gallery is now called Tate Britain and is the national gallery for British art from 1500 to the present day, as well as some modern British art. [[Tate Modern]], in [[Bankside Power Station]] on the south side of the [[River Thames|Thames]], opened in 2000 and now exhibits the national collection of modern art from 1900 to the present day, including some modern British art. In its first year, Tate Modern was the most popular museum in the world, with 5,250,000 visitors.
בשנת [[1998]] החל לפעול אתר האינטרנט של המוזיאון "טייט אונליין" (Tate Online) בו מוצג מידע על כל הגלריות ועל היצירות המוצגות בגלריות.
Sir [[Nicholas Serota]] has been the director of the Tate since 1988.
==Tate Online==
Tate Online is the Tate's web site. Since its launch in 1998, the site has provided information on all four physical Tate galleries (Tate Britain, Tate St Ives, Tate Liverpool and Tate Modern) under the same domain. Tate Online helps visitors prepare and extend visits to the physical sites but also acts as a destination in its own right. Other resources include illustrated information on all works in Tate's Collection of British and Modern international art, structured and informal e-learning opportunities for all visitors, over 400 hours of archived webcast events, all articles from the magazine, ''[[TATE ETC.]]'' and a series of bespoke net art commissions. [[BT Group|BT]] has been the exclusive sponsor of Tate Online since 2001.
Tate in Space was created in 2002 as an online artwork by artist [[Susan Alexis Collins]] in collaboration with the Tate. The web pages appear as part of the Tate Online web pages, alongside the pages for physical art galleries such as Tate Modern and Tate Liverpool. Tate in Space is interactive fiction, with each participant bringing their own fantasies to the project. There are also contributions from space art historians, architects and space scientists, so that the site blending fact and fiction. It was nominated in the Interactive Art category for the 2003 [[BAFTA]] Interactive awards.
==Administration==
The Tate receives annual funding from the [[Department for Culture, Media & Sport]]. It is administered by a board of trustees, who are responsible for the running of the gallery and appoint the Director (for a period of seven years). Under the [[Charities Act 1993]], the Tate is an [[exempt charity]] accountable directly to Government rather than the [[Charities Commission]] for financial returns etc. However, the Trustees are still expected to follow the broad responsibilities of charity trustees, and may be subject to Charity Commission oversight on these elements of their activities.
Various bodies have been set up to support the Tate including Tate Members for the general public, where a yearly fee gives rights such as free entry to charging exhibitions and members rooms. There is also Tate Patrons for a higher subscription fee and the Tate Foundation. There are a number of corporate sponsors. In addition individual shows are often sponsored.
The [[Outset Contemporary Art Fund]] was established in 2003 by Tate patrons, Yana Peel and Candida Gertler, in collaboration with the [[Frieze Art Fair]], to buy works from the fair for the Tate.
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==קישורים חיצוניים==
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