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==קורות חיים==
נאומן נולד ב[[פורט ויין]] ב[[מדינות ארצות הברית|מדינת]] [[אינדיאנה]] שב[[ארצות הברית]], ולמד [[מתמטיקה]] ו[[פיזיקה]] ב[[אוניברסיטת ויסקונסין-מדיסון]] ואמנות בקמפוס דיוויס של [[אוניברסיטת קליפורניה]].
{{בעבודה}}
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Nauman studied [[mathematics]] and [[physics]] at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], and art with [[William T. Wiley]] and [[Robert Arneson]] at the [[University of California, Davis]]. He worked as an assistant to [[Wayne Thiebaud]], and in 1966 he became a teacher at the [[San Francisco Art Institute]]. In 1968 he met the singer and performance artist [[Meredith Monk]] and signed with the dealer [[Leo Castelli]]. In the 1980s he moved to [[New Mexico]].
ברוס עבד כעוזרו של [[ויין תייבוד]]. בשנת [[1966]] החל ללמד ב[[מכון האמנות סן פרנסיסקו]] (San Francisco Art Institute). בראשית שנות ה-80 עבר להתגורר ב[[ניו מקסיקו]].
Much of his work is characterised by an interest in language, often manifesting itself in a playful, mischievous manner. For example, the neon ''Run From Fear- Fun From Rear,'' or the photograph ''Bound To Fail,'' which literalises the title phrase and shows the artist's arms tied behind his back. There are however, very serious concerns at the heart of Nauman's practice. He seems to be fascinated by the nature of communication and language's inherent problems, as well as the role of the artist as supposed communicator and manipulator of visual symbols.
עבודותיו של נאומן עוסקות בעיקר בחומרים יוצאי דופן כגון הקלטות ומנורות נאון. עבודות אלה בוחנות את דרכי השימוש בשפה ככלי תקשורות ואת הבעיות המתעוררות כאשר השפה אינה מובנת.
==Honors==
In 1993, Nauman received the Wolf Prize in Arts (an Israeli award) for his distinguished work as a sculptor and his extraordinary contribution to twentieth-century art. In 1999, he received the Golden Lion of the [[Venice Biennale]]. In 2004 he created his work ''Raw Materials'' specifically for display at the [[Tate Modern]]. Artfacts.net ranked Nauman as the number one among living artist in 2006, followed by [[Gerhard Richter]] and [[Robert Rauschenberg]]. <ref>[http://www.artfacts.net/index.php?pageType=ranking¶graph=4&living=1&order=0&switch=0&lang=1] </ref>
בשנת [[1993]] זכה נאומן ב[[פרס וולף]] בגין תרומתו יוצאת הדופן לאמנות המאה ה-20. בשנת [[1999]] זכה ב[[פרס אריה הזהב]] ב[[הביאנלה של ונציה|ביאנלה של ונציה]].
On January 25, 2008, the US Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) announced the selection of Bruce Nauman as the American representative to the 2009 [[Venice Biennale]].<ref>[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/jan/99709.htm]</ref>
בשנת [[2004]] הוצגה עבודתו של נאומן "[[חומרים גולמיים]]" באולם הטורבינה של [[מוזיאון טייט מודרן]] כחלק מ"[[סדרת יוניליבר]]" במימונה של חברת [[יונילבר]].
==Influences==
Nauman cites [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[John Cage]], [[Philip Glass]], [[La Monte Young]] and [[Meredith Monk]] as major influences on his work. Nauman was a part of the [[Process Art]] Movement.
נאומן דורג על ידי אתר Artfacts.net כאמן המוביל בעולם בשנת [[2006]]<ref>[http://www.artfacts.net/index.php?pageType=ranking¶graph=4&living=1&order=0&switch=0&lang=1 דירוג אמנים באתר Artfacts.net ]</ref>.
==Works==
בינואר 2008 הכריזה מחלקת התרבות והחינוך של ממשלת ארצות הברית כי נאומן ייצג את ארצות הברית בביאלה בונציה בשנת [[2009]]<ref>[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2008/jan/99709.htm החלטת מחלקת התרבות והחינוך של ממשלת ארצות הברית מיום 25 בינואר 2008.]</ref>.
Some of his better-known works include:
*''Laair'' (1970) - A soft-cover [[artist's book]], featuring only 10 color illustrations [photographs] of the Los Angeles skyline. No text.
*''Clown Torture'' - in separate stacked video screens, a clown screaming "No" repeatedly, a clown telling an annoying children's joke, a clown balancing goldfish bowls, and a clown sitting on a public toilet.
*''Vices and Virtues'' (1988) - Atop the Charles Lee Powell Structural Systems Laboratory on the campus of the [[University of California, San Diego]] as part of the [[Stuart Collection]] of public art: neon signs seven feet tall, alternating the seven vices and seven virtues: FAITH/LUST, HOPE/ENVY, CHARITY/SLOTH, PRUDENCE/PRIDE, JUSTICE/AVARICE, TEMPERANCE/GLUTTONY, and FORTITUDE/ANGER.
*''The True Artist Helps the World by Revealing Mystic Truths'' - a spiraling neon sign with this slogan.
*''Setting a Good Corner'' - looping video of the artist setting a corner fencepost.
*''World Peace'' - five projectors or video players displaying four women and a man each speaking simultaneous monologues about world peace.
*''Learned Helplessness in Rats (Rock and Roll Drummer)'' - maze, closed circuit video camera, video projector, two videotape players, two monitors, and two videotapes. collection of MOMA.
*''Henry Moore bound to fail, back view''(1967)- In 2001, this work sold for $9 million at auction. This is one of the highest prices paid for Nauman's work.<ref>[http://artsalesindex.artinfo.com/artsalesindex/asi/lots/7978091 Auction Result: Bruce Nauman's ''Henry Moore bound to fail, back view'']</ref>
==קישורים חיצוניים==
*[http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/nauman/ clip1.html ראיון Settingעם aנאומן Good Corner, an interview,ברשת PBS] ▼'''General and biographical'''
*[http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/hear_here/ 2004ראיום interviewעם fromנאומן באתר <em>frieze </em> משנת 2004] ▼*[http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/nauman/ Biography, interviews, essays, artwork images and video clips] from [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] series ''[[Art:21 -- Art in the Twenty-First Century]]'' - Season 1 (2001).
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=1691 Bruceקורות Naumanחיים inבאתר theמוזיאון Tate Collectionטייט] ▼▲*[http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/hear_here/ 2004 interview from <em>frieze</em>]
*[http://www.vibrofiles.com/exhibition_nauman.php תיאור היצירה] "[[חומרים גולמיים]]" באתר [[מוזיאון טייט מודרן]] ▼▲*[http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/nauman/clip1.html Setting a Good Corner, an interview, PBS]
* [http://rutidirektor.wordpress.com/2008/05/31/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1-%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99-%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D-%D7%94%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%98/ ברוס נאומן, כתבתה של רותי דירקטור באתר "הצופה"]
* [http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistInfo/artist/3205 Bruce Nauman in artfacts]
*http://www.speronewestwater.com/cgi-bin/iowa/artists/record.html?record=1
'''Works by Bruce Nauman'''
▲*[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ArtistWorks?cgroupid=999999961&artistid=1691 Bruce Nauman in the Tate Collection]
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/research/tateresearch/majorprojects/nauman/home_1.htm Inside Installations: Mapping the Studio II] Conservation project and e-learning module at Tate Online
*[http://www.vdb.org/smackn.acgi$artistdetail?NAUMANB Bruce Nauman] in the [http://www.vdb.org/ Video Data Bank]
== הערות שוליים ==
'''Exhibitions'''
<references />
*[http://www.macm.org/en/expositions/33.html] Bruce Nauman: Current exhibition at the [[Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal]], May 26-September 3, 2007.
*[http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/exhibits/nauman/index.html A Rose Has No Teeth: Bruce Nauman in the 1960s] Current exhibition at the [[Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive]], January 17-April 15, 2007.
* [http://www.castellodirivoli.it/eng/homepage/Mostre/Nauman.html A Rose Has No Teeth: Bruce Nauman in the 1960s] Current exhibition at the [[Museo d'Arte Contemporanea of Rivoli (Italy)]], May 23- September 9 2007.
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/liverpool/exhibitions/nauman/ Bruce Nauman: Make Me Think Me] Exhibition at [[Tate Liverpool]], UK, Summer 2006. Online resources include video footage of neons.
*[http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/exhibitions/nauman/ Unilever Series: Bruce Nauman] ''Raw Materials'' sound installation at [[Tate Modern]], London, UK, 2004
'''Review and criticism'''
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/features/story/0,,1323636,00.html Can everyone hear at the back?, by Rose Jennings, The Observer, October 10, 2004] - [[Martin Creed]], [[Barbara Kruger]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[John Baldessari]] and others on Bruce Nauman
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/critic/feature/0,,1325197,00.html Inside the mind of Bruce Nauman, by Adrian Searle, The Guardian, October 12, 2004]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,,1325065,00.html Nauman's rehashed sounds reverberate around the Tate's emptiness, by Charlotte Higgins, The Guardian, October 12, 2004]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/reviews/observer/story/0,,1329088,00.html From a whisper to a scream, by Laura Cumming, The Observer, October 17, 2004]
▲*[http://www.vibrofiles.com/exhibition_nauman.php תיאור היצירה] "[[חומרים גולמיים]]" באתר [[מוזיאון טייט מודרן]]
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[[קטגוריה:פסלים אמריקאיים]]
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