חומת אורליאנוס – הבדלי גרסאות

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שורה 1:
[[Imageתמונה:Aurelian walls.jpg|thumb|220px|Theחומת Aurelian Wallsאורליאנוס]]
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'''חומת אורליאנוס''' (ב[[איטלקית]]: '''Mura aureliane''') היתה [[חומה|חומת]] העיר [[רומא]] שנבנתה בין השנים [[271]] - [[275]] בתקופת שלטונו של ה[[קיסרי רומא|קיסר]] [[אורליאנוס]] ו[[פרובוס]].
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[[Image:Aurelian walls.jpg|thumb|220px|The Aurelian Walls]]
The '''Aurelian Walls''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Mura aureliane'') were [[city wall]]s built between [[271]] and [[275]] in [[Rome]] during the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]]s [[Aurelian]] and [[Probus]]. They enclosed all [[seven hills of Rome]] plus the [[Campus Martius]] and the [[Trastevere]] district on the left bank of the [[Tiber]]. The river banks within the city limits appear to have been left unfortified, though the riverside was certainly fortified along the Campus Martius.
 
חומות אלה הקיפו את [[שבע גבעות רומא]] (שהוקפו עוד ב[[חומת סרביוס]]) וכן את [[שדה מרס]] ואת מחוז [[טרנסטוורה]] בגדתו השמאלית של נהר ה[[טיבר]].
The full circuit ran for 19 km (12.5 miles), surrounding an area of some 13.7 km² (5.3 square miles). The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, 3.5 m (11.5 ft) thick and 8 m (26.2 ft) high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (29.6 m / 97.1 ft). Remodelling in the 5th century doubled the height of the walls to 16 m (52 ft), by which time the circuit possessed 383 towers, 7,020 [[crenellation]]s, 18 main gates, 5 [[postern]]s, 116 [[latrine]]s and 2,066 large external windows.<ref name="claridge">Claridge, Amanda (1998). ''Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide'', First, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 59, 332-335. ISBN 0-19-288003-9</ref>
 
==תיאור החומות==
==History==
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The full circuit ran for 19 km (12.5 miles), surrounding an area of some 13.7 km² (5.3 square miles). The walls were constructed in brick-faced concrete, 3.5 m (11.5 ft) thick and 8 m (26.2 ft) high, with a square tower every 100 Roman feet (29.6 m / 97.1 ft). Remodelling in the 5th century doubled the height of the walls to 16 m (52 ft), by which time the circuit possessed 383 towers, 7,020 [[crenellation]]s, 18 main gates, 5 [[postern]]s, 116 [[latrine]]s and 2,066 large external windows.<ref name="claridge">Claridge, Amanda (1998). ''Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide'', First, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 59, 332-335. ISBN 0-19-288003-9</ref>
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==היסטוריה==
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[[Image:Karte Rom unter Augustus MKL1888-Gates.JPG|right|thumb|220px|Map of ancient Rome with the Aurelian walls and gates highlighted]]
[[Image:Aurelian Wall - Sentry.JPG|right|thumb|220px|Sentry passage near Porta Metronia]]
שורה 22 ⟵ 25:
 
The Aurelian Walls remain remarkably well-preserved today, due largely to their constant use as Rome's primary fortification until the 19th century. The [[Museo delle Mura]] near the [[Porta San Sebastiano]] offers information on the walls' construction and how the defenses operated. The best-preserved sections of the walls are to be found from the Muro Torto (Villa Borghese) to Cordo d'Italia to Castro Pretorio; from [[Porta San Giovanni]] to [[Porta Ardeatina]]; from [[Porta Ostiense]] to the Tiber; and around [[Porta San Pancrazio]].<ref name="claridge" />
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==שערי החומות==
==Gates==
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[[Image:Porta Asinaria 2948.JPG|thumb|220px|Porta Asinaria]]
{{Commons|Gates of Rome}}
שורה 50 ⟵ 54:
* [[Porta Aurelia-Sancti Petri]]
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==קישורים חיצוניים==
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Muri_Aureliani.html סמיואל בול פלאטנר, '''מילון טופוגרפי של רומא העתיקה''', הוצאת אוניברסיטת אוקספורד, 1929]
* [http://en.museodellemuraroma.it/ אתר רשמי של מוזיאון החומה]
* [http://www.repubblica.it/2007/11/sezioni/cronaca/roma-mura-aureliane/roma-mura-aureliane/roma-mura-aureliane.html תצלומים של התמוטטות מקטע החומה בנובמבר 2007]