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== ההיסטוריה של חוקת קנדה ==
[[תמונה:Fathers_of_Canadian_Confederation.jpg|ממוזער|שמאל|250px|אבות החוקה הקנדית - ציור המתאר את הדיונים שהובילו לחקיקית [[חוק החוקה, 1867|חוק צפון אמריקה הבריטית, 1867]].]]
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החוקה הראשונה של קנדה היתה [[ההצהרה המלכותית של 1763]]. הצהרה זו קבעה כי שמה של הפרובינציה תהיה "הפרובינציה של קוויבק", וקבעה את גבולות המדינה ואת סדרי השלטון בה. הצהרה זו היתה למעשה חוקת המדינה עד חקיקת [[חוק קוויבק]] בשנת [[1774]]. בשנת [[1791]] נחקק [[חוק החוקה של 1791]] אשר קבע את הרכב הממשל בקנדה. חוק זה הוחלף בשנת [[1867]] ב[[חוק החוקה, 1867]] אשר מכונה "חוק צפון אמריקה הבריטית", ואשר הקים למעשה את [[דומיניון קנדה]].
[[Image:Fathers_of_Canadian_Confederation.jpg|thumb|left|300px|right|A painting depicting negotiations that would lead to the enactment of the [[Constitution Act, 1867|British North America Act, 1867]]]]
The first semblance of a Constitution for Canada was the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]]. The Act renamed Canada "The Province of Quebec" and redefined its borders and established a British-appointed colonial government. The proclamation was considered the ''de facto'' constitution of Quebec until 1774 when the British government passed the [[Quebec Act]] of 1774 which set out many procedures of governance in the area of Quebec. It extended the boundaries of the colony and adopted the British criminal code among other things.
בשנת [[1931]] נחקק [[חוק וסטמינסטר 1931]], הנותן למעשה עצמאות לקנדה, אולם בנושאים חוקתיים נותרה סמכות החקיקה ל[[הפרלמנט הבריטי|פרלמנט הבריטי]].
The colony of Canada received its first full constitution in the [[Constitutional Act of 1791]] which established much of the composition of the government. This was later superseded by the [[British North America Act]] in 1867 which established the Dominion of Canada.
בשנת [[1982]] נחקק בפרלמנט הבריטי [[חוק קנדה, 1982|חוק קנדה]] אשר העביר את מלוא סמכויות החקיקה ל[[הפרלמנט הקנדי|פרלמנט הקנדי]]. בשנה זו ניתן [[כתב הזכויות והחירויות הקנדי]] אשר העניק הגנה חוקתית כתובה לזכויות אשר קודם לכן היו מוגנות על ידי חוקה בלתי כתובה.
In [[1931]], the British Parliament passed the [[Statute of Westminster, 1931]] (22 Geo. V, c.4 (UK)). This Act gave all dominion countries equal legislative authority with the United Kingdom. This was followed up in [[1982]], when the British Parliament passed the '''[[Canada Act 1982|Canada Act, 1982]]''' ([UK] 1982, c.11) giving up all remaining constitutional and legislative authority over Canada. The enactment of the Canada Act is often referred to in Canada as the 'patriation' of the constitution and it was largely due to the work of [[Pierre Trudeau|Pierre Elliot Trudeau]], the [[Prime Minister of Canada]] at the time.
With the introduction of the Canada Act and the accompanying Charter, much of Constitutional law in Canada has changed. The Canada Act has entrenched many constitutional conventions and has made amendments significantly more difficult (see [[Amendments to the Constitution of Canada|amendment formula]]). The Charter has shifted the focus of the Constitution to individual and collective rights of the inhabitants of Canada. Before the enactment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in [[1982]], civil rights and liberties had no solid constitutional protection in Canada. Whenever one level of government passed a law that seemed oppressive to civil rights and liberties, Canadian constitutional lawyers had to argue creatively, such as by saying that the oppressive law violates division of federal and provincial powers or by citing some other technical flaw that had little to do with the concept of civil rights and liberties.{{fact|date=December 2007}} Since 1982, however, the Charter has become the most often cited part of the Constitution and has thus far solidified the protection of rights for people in Canada.
In 1983, Toronto artist Peter Greyson entered Ottawa's National Archives (known today as [[Library and Archives Canada]]) and poured red paint over a copy of the proclamation of the 1982 constitutional amendment. He said he was displeased with the federal government's decision to allow U.S. missile testing in Canada, and had wanted to "graphically illustrate to Canadians" how wrong the government was. A grapefruit-sized stain still remains on the original document. Specialists opted to leave most of the paint intact fearing attempts at removing it would only do further damage.<ref>[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-331-1747-10/on_this_day/politics_economy/greyson_protest Missile Protestor defaces Constitution - "On This Day" - CBC Archives>
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==חוק החוקה, 1867==
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